Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 啣

Modern (Beijing) reading: xián

Russian meaning[s]: см. 銜

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 2081

Character: 唳

Modern (Beijing) reading: lì

Russian meaning[s]: звукоподражание крику журавля; курлыкать

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 4969

Character: 啁

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhōu

Preclassic Old Chinese: triw (~ -u)

Classic Old Chinese: triw

Western Han Chinese: ṭjǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭǝw

Middle Chinese: ṭǝw

English meaning : to laugh at, mock [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: щебет, чириканье

Comments: Also read OC *trīw (~*trū), MC ṭạw (FQ 陟交), Go teu, Kan tau id.

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 3798

Karlgren code: 1083 j

Go-on: tiu

Kan-on: tiu

Japanese reading: chū;tō;chō;azakeru

Character: 啗

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0672 k

Character: 圈

Modern (Beijing) reading: quān

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷren

Classic Old Chinese: khwren

Western Han Chinese: khwrjan

Eastern Han Chinese: khwran

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwen

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwen

Middle Chinese: khwen

English meaning : ring, circle [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: круг, окружность; кружок; петля (кружева, сети); обводить кружком; гасить кружком (марку); [juān] загнать, запереть (скотину); [juàn] загон, хлев; скотный двор

Comments: Also read *g(h)ʷrenʔ, MC gwén (with a variant reading gwǝ́n), Mand. juàn [Han] 'enclosure, stye'. Regular Sino-Viet. is khuyên.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 31

Four-angle index: 1891

Karlgren code: 0226 k

Vietnamese reading: khoen

Character: 國

Modern (Beijing) reading: guó

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷǝ̄k

Classic Old Chinese: kwǝ̄k

Western Han Chinese: kwǝ̄k

Eastern Han Chinese: kwǝ̄k

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̄k

Middle Chinese: kwʌk

English meaning : state, country

Russian meaning[s]: 1) государство, держава; страна; государственный; 2) родина, отечество; отечественный; 3) национальный; общегосударственный; 4) сокр. гоминьдан; гоминьдановский; 5) ист. княжество, удел; царство; 6) Го (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 31

Four-angle index: 1885

Karlgren code: 0929 o-p

Vietnamese reading: quốc

Shijing occurrences: 31.1

Character: 圉

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)(r)aʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)(r)á

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)(r)á

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)(r)á

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ó

Middle Chinese: ŋö́

English meaning : frontier, border

Russian meaning[s]: 1) конюх; конюшня; 2) граница; край, пределы

Comments: The original meaning of the root is probably 'restrain, enclose' (attested during Late Zhou), and it is possibly = 禦 *ŋ(hr)aʔ q.v.

Radical: 31

Four-angle index: 1847

Karlgren code: 0081 a-c

Character: 域

Modern (Beijing) reading: yù

Preclassic Old Chinese: whǝk

Classic Old Chinese: whǝk

Western Han Chinese: whǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: whǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: whɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: whɨk

Middle Chinese: ɦük

English meaning : boundary, territory

Russian meaning[s]: 1) граница, предел; держать в границах; 2) район; область; территория; 3) древн. погост, кладбище; 4) древн. находиться (жить) в...

Comments: For *wh- cf. Xiamen hik⁸, Chaozhou hok⁸, Meixian vɛt⁷.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 6804

Karlgren code: 0929 e-f

Character: 堅

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān

Preclassic Old Chinese: kīn

Classic Old Chinese: kīn

Western Han Chinese: kjǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: kiǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiēn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiēn

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiēn

Middle Chinese: kien

English meaning : be hard, solid, firm

Russian meaning[s]: 1) твердый; крепкий, прочный; 2) вещественный; 3) упорный, настойчивый; 4) укреплять; упрочить; 5) твердо; настойчиво; 6) древн. латы; 7) лучшие войска противника; 8) скупой, скряга, вм. 慳

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 223

Karlgren code: 0368 c

Character: 堊

Modern (Beijing) reading: è

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔāk

Classic Old Chinese: ʔāk

Western Han Chinese: ʔāk

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔāk

Middle Chinese: ʔâk

English meaning : white clay; to smear with white clay [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) белая глина, каолин; 2) белить

Comments: ?Cf. PA *ák`à ( ~ -k-,-o) 'dirt, filth'.

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 181

Karlgren code: 0805 g

Go-on: aku

Kan-on: aku

Japanese reading: aku;a;tsuchi;nuru

Character: 堆

Modern (Beijing) reading: duī

Preclassic Old Chinese: tūj

Classic Old Chinese: twǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: twǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: twǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: twǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: twǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: twǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: toj

English meaning : to heap up; heap, mound, small hill [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: наваливать, нагромождать, сваливать в кучу; куча, горка

Comments: Viet. doi is colloquial (used in the sense 'promontory, headland'); another probable loan from the same source is Viet. d_ồi 'hill'. Regular Sino-Viet. is d_ôi.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 855

Karlgren code: 0575 z

Vietnamese reading: doi

Character: 埠

Modern (Beijing) reading: bu

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 埤

Modern (Beijing) reading: pí

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)e

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)e

Western Han Chinese: b(h)e

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)je

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)je

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)je

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)je

Middle Chinese: bje

English meaning : to accumulate, increase

Russian meaning[s]: 1) прибавлять, накоплять; 2) низкая стенка, парапет; [bì] низина, луговина

Comments: During LZ also read *b(h)eʔ, MC bjé, Pek. bì 'low ground' (which is probably the original meaning of the character).

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 2276

Karlgren code: 0874 k

Shijing occurrences: 40.2, 40.3

Character: 基

Modern (Beijing) reading: jī

Preclassic Old Chinese: kǝ

Classic Old Chinese: kǝ

Western Han Chinese: kǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kɨ

Middle Chinese: kɨ

Fanqie: 吉醫

Rhyme class: 支

English meaning : foundation, base; gatehouse base; settlement, lodging

Russian meaning[s]: 1) фундамент, основа; 2) хим. радикал; 3) место, местоположение; 4) основной; 5) основываться на...

Shuowen gloss: 牆始也. 從土. 其聲.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 209

Karlgren code: 0952 g-i

Character: 堂

Modern (Beijing) reading: táng

Preclassic Old Chinese: dāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: dāŋ

Western Han Chinese: dāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: dāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dāŋ

Middle Chinese: dâŋ

English meaning : hall; foundation of house; place name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зал (учреждения); 2) присутствие, суд; 3) школа; 4) храм, церковь; 5) счетный суффикс для заседаний, уроков; 6) двоюродный; родня (со стороны отца); 7) вежл. мать

Comments: For *d- cf. Xiamen tŋ², Chaozhou tɨŋ², Fuzhou toŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 185

Karlgren code: 0725 s

Shijing occurrences: 50.2_

Character: 堵

Modern (Beijing) reading: dǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: tāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tā́

Western Han Chinese: tā́

Eastern Han Chinese: tā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: tṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: tṓ

Middle Chinese: tó

English meaning : a measure of length (50 cubits length of wall)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) завалить, загромоздить; блокировать; преграждать; 2) стена (земляная, глинобитная; капитальная); 3) счетный суффикс стен; 4) Ду (фамилия)

Comments: During LZ used as a loan for a homonymous *tāʔ 'a row or set of bells or musical stones'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 1602

Karlgren code: 0045 |y-a ́

Character: 執

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhí

Preclassic Old Chinese: tip

Classic Old Chinese: tip

Western Han Chinese: tjǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćip

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćip

Middle Chinese: ćip

English meaning : to hold, seize, take

Russian meaning[s]: 1) держать в руках; брать; 2) схватить; арестовать; 3) блюсти, соблюдать; охранять; 4) крепко стоять за...; упорствовать в...; 5) сдержать, обуздать; 6) Чжи (фамилия)

Comments: Another possible loan from the same source is Viet. chốp, chộp 'to seize, grab, steal'; cf. also chụp 'to catch, seize, grab'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 7742

Karlgren code: 0685 a-e

Vietnamese reading: chấp

Shijing occurrences: 31.4, 38.2, 38.3

Character: 培

Modern (Beijing) reading: péi

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝ̄

Classic Old Chinese: bǝ̄

Western Han Chinese: bǝ̄

Eastern Han Chinese: bǝ̄

Early Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: bǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: boj

English meaning : to bank up with earth [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) окучивать; удобрять; 2) выращивать (напр. кадры); воспитывать; 3) засыпать (напр. огонь)

Comments: For *b- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou pue², Fuzhou puoi², Jianou po⁹. There is also a reading *b(h)ǝ̄ʔ, MC bл́w, Mand. pǒu 'small hill, bank' (identical to 部 q.v.). Viet. has also a colloquial loan from the same source: vùi 'hide in the ground, bank up with earth'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 1224

Vietnamese reading: bồi

Character: 夠

Modern (Beijing) reading: gòu

Russian meaning[s]: 1) хватает; достаточно, довольно; вдоволь; досыта; 2) подходящий к...

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 36

Four-angle index: 4161

Character: 奢

Modern (Beijing) reading: shē

Preclassic Old Chinese: tia

Classic Old Chinese: tia

Western Han Chinese: tia

Eastern Han Chinese: ćä

Early Postclassic Chinese: ća

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ća

Late Postclassic Chinese: ća

Middle Chinese: śa

English meaning : extravagant [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) расточительствовать, мотать; жить в роскоши; роскошь; 2) чрезмерный; чересчур большой

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 1624

Karlgren code: 0045 e-f